People Knowledge Domain

Formulation, goal setting, implementation, evaluation. Analysis of the environment feeds formulation; evaluation loops back to adjust the plan.

Threat, because it is external. Strengths and weaknesses are internal (capabilities, resources); opportunities and threats are external (market, competitors, regulation).

PESTLE. Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental. It scans the external macro-environment before strategy formulation.

Scenario planning. Scenario planning builds several plausible futures (e.g., rapid growth, recession, automation shock) and prepares workforce responses for each, instead of betting on one predicted outcome.

Stars (high growth, high share), cash cows (low growth, high share), question marks (high growth, low share), dogs (low growth, low share). HR investment usually follows the category, e.g., hiring for stars, efficiency for cash cows.

Creating uncontested market space by offering new value (rather than competing head-to-head in a crowded 'red ocean'), making competition less relevant.