Unit 4: Probability, Random Variables, and Probability Distributions

The relative frequency gets closer and closer to the outcome's true probability as the number of repetitions grows.

No. Flips are independent, so P(tails) is still 0.5; believing tails is 'due' is the gambler's fallacy. The law of large numbers describes long-run behavior, not short-run correction.

Imitating a random process with a chance model (random digits, technology, cards) and repeating it many times to estimate a probability by the relative frequency of the event.

Assign three digits (for example 0, 1, 2) to 'success' and the other seven (3 to 9) to 'failure'; each digit is equally likely.

By the law of large numbers, the relative frequency settles closer to the true probability, so the estimate varies less from one simulation to another.

How the chance device represents outcomes, what one trial consists of and what is recorded, the number of repetitions, and how the relative frequency is used to estimate the probability.