Behavioral Health

At least 5 of 9 SIG E CAPS symptoms (including depressed mood or anhedonia) present for ≥2 weeks, causing functional impairment.

Sleep changes, loss of Interest (anhedonia), Guilt/worthlessness, low Energy, decreased Concentration, Appetite/weight change, Psychomotor changes, Suicidal ideation — plus depressed mood.

Serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine — the monoamine hypothesis posits reduced monoaminergic transmission underlies depression.

Dysthymia is a chronic, milder depressed mood present most days for ≥2 years (≥1 year in children/adolescents), with ≥2 additional symptoms and no symptom-free period >2 months.

Bipolar I requires at least one full manic episode (≥1 week or any duration if hospitalized); bipolar II requires at least one hypomanic episode plus at least one major depressive episode, with NO full manic episode.

Mania lasts ≥1 week (or any duration if hospitalization is required) and causes marked impairment/psychosis; hypomania lasts ≥4 days without marked impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization.