Constitutional Law

Marbury v. Madison: federal courts may declare acts of Congress and the executive unconstitutional.

Only on a federal question; not on issues of state law.

Congress may make exceptions/regulations to appellate jurisdiction but may not expand original jurisdiction or eliminate review in violation of the Constitution.

Most private suits for damages against a state in federal (and its own) court.

State consent; suits against state officers for injunctive relief (Ex parte Young) or personally-payable damages; valid §5 abrogation; does not bar suits against local governments.