Reading

The central point or claim the whole text develops; the single most important thing the author wants the reader to understand.

A summary is a brief, accurate restatement of the whole passage's main points in your own words, without added opinion or outside information.

It covers the entire text proportionally, sticks to the author's points, and adds no personal judgment or invented detail.

The main idea is the central claim; supporting details are the facts, examples, and reasons that explain or prove that claim.

The broad subject the passage is about, usually stated in a word or short phrase, before any specific claim is made about it.

Topic = broad subject; main idea = the specific claim about that subject; supporting details = the evidence that develops the claim.