Design

Irradiance of 1,000 W/m², cell temperature of 25 °C, and an AM1.5 spectrum.

Nominal Operating Cell Temperature: the cell temperature at 800 W/m², 20 °C ambient, 1 m/s wind, open-rack mounting—typically about 42–48 °C.

Nominal Module Operating Temperature (IEC 61215) uses the same conditions as NOCT but with the module at maximum power instead of open circuit, giving a slightly lower temperature.

Open-circuit voltage: the maximum voltage a module produces when no current flows.

Short-circuit current: the current a module produces when its terminals are shorted (voltage zero).

The voltage and current at the maximum power point; Pmax = Vmp × Imp.