Multisystem, Safety & Ethics

Low SVR with high/normal cardiac output and low/normal filling pressures (warm extremities early); seen in sepsis, anaphylaxis, neurogenic shock.

Both have low cardiac output and high SVR, but cardiogenic shock has HIGH filling pressures (high PCWP/CVP) whereas hypovolemic shock has LOW filling pressures.

Isotonic balanced crystalloid (e.g., lactated Ringer's or normal saline), ~30 mL/kg bolus, then reassess; vasopressors (norepinephrine first-line) if hypotension persists.

Sepsis = life-threatening organ dysfunction (SOFA increase >=2) from dysregulated host response to infection. Septic shock = sepsis with vasopressor need for MAP >=65 plus lactate >2 despite fluids.

Bedside screen for poor outcome in suspected infection: RR >=22, altered mentation (GCS <15), systolic BP <=100. >=2 suggests high risk.