Torts

A harmful or offensive contact with the plaintiff's person, caused by the defendant's act done with intent to cause such contact (or apprehension of it), and causation. Offensiveness is judged by a reasonable person standard.

It includes anything connected to the plaintiff, such as clothing being worn, a cane, or an object the plaintiff is holding. Direct contact with the body itself is not required.

The defendant's act creating a reasonable apprehension in the plaintiff of an imminent harmful or offensive contact, the defendant's intent to cause that apprehension (or the contact), and causation.

Generally no. Words alone are usually insufficient; they must be coupled with conduct creating a reasonable apprehension of imminent contact. Words can also negate an assault (e.g., a conditional or future threat).

No. The plaintiff must have apprehension (an awareness or expectation) of imminent contact, but need not be afraid. A timid person and a brave person can each be assaulted.

An act or omission by the defendant that confines or restrains the plaintiff to a bounded area, intent to confine, causation, and (in most courts) the plaintiff's awareness of the confinement or harm from it.