Torts

(1) An intentional act causing (2) a harmful or offensive contact (3) with the plaintiff's person (or anything closely connected to it). Intent to contact plus an offensive/harmful result suffices; no intent to injure required.

Contact is offensive if it would offend a reasonable person's sense of personal dignity (an objective standard), unless the plaintiff is known to be unusually sensitive and the defendant exploits that.

(1) An intentional act that (2) causes the plaintiff a reasonable apprehension of (3) an imminent harmful or offensive contact. Apparent present ability is enough; words alone are usually insufficient.

No. Apprehension means awareness/expectation of an imminent contact, not fright. A plaintiff who expects but is unafraid of an imminent contact still satisfies the element.

(1) An intentional act that (2) confines the plaintiff to a bounded area, (3) of which the plaintiff is aware or by which the plaintiff is harmed, and (4) with no reasonable means of escape known to the plaintiff.